WFE: Why Investors Participate In Emerging Markets

The World Federation of Exchanges (“WFE”), the global industry group for exchanges and CCPs, has today published a report - from the investor viewpoint - that seeks to understand what encourages or discourages international investor participation in emerging markets.

The purpose of today’s research report, written with the support of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), is to provide exchange operators, securities regulators and policy-makers with greater insight into the factors that drive investment decisions, as reported by investors themselves. Given the contribution that international investors make to emerging and frontier markets such as providing capital to the local economy, participating in risk sharing, and helping to reduce price volatility, a better understanding of investor motivation is a key component of market development and capacity building programmes. This qualitative paper follows on from the WFE’s recent quantitative paper from December 2018 entitled ‘Attracting international investors to emerging markets’.

The key findings of today’s report are as follows:

Financial returns are important for investors; however, their broader investment strategy will also guide how they evaluate returns, and how they decide where to invest;

• Frontier (smaller) markets struggle to attract the same levels of attention as their emerging market counterparts;
  Lack of certainty about ownership of shares would prevent investors from investing in a market;
• Corporate governance (or lack thereof) was a particular challenge in emerging market investing, as was government interference, and, in some markets, the length of time it took to open investment accounts;
• Liquidity was a concern, but this was measured in different ways by different investors (e.g. at market level versus at individual stock level). Some investors required a minimum liquidity threshold to invest, whereas others noted they were not overly concerned with liquidity as they adopted a long-term investment strategy;
• The importance of market infrastructure features (including the presence of an electronic trading platform, ability to short-sell, presence of market makers, and the ability to engage in securities lending and borrowing) varied across respondents. Notable exceptions were the existence of a delivery versus payment (DvP) settlement system, and the presence of global custodians; and
• Environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors are important when evaluating investments. In some instances, poor ESG performance would prevent investment while in others, investors said they would engage with companies to look for improvement on relevant metrics.

The report concludes with a number of recommendations that emerging market exchange operators and relevant regulators and policy-makers might action to improve levels of international investors, including:

• Reducing the direct and indirect costs of investment e.g. the time and effort required to open an investment account, and the costs of obtaining information;
• Enhancing the corporate governance of listed firms and educating them about the relevance of ESG factors to their business, and by extension, investors;
• Investing in market infrastructure enhancements to contribute to the improvement of the market over time; and
• Developing the local investor base, including strong, local asset managers.

Nandini Sukumar, CEO, WFE said: “The findings of this qualitative report support those of our earlier quantitative research at the end of 2018, and reiterate once more the importance of international investors to the development of emerging market economies. Investors are not uniform in their investment approach, and these differences result in different views as to what makes a market more or less attractive from an investment standpoint. We believe that, in combination, these two pieces of research from the WFE should enable more informed policy focus and investment in these markets, whilst avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach.”

Siobhan Cleary, Head of Research & Public Policy, WFE added: “Despite these differences, our paper highlights several common themes that present opportunities for emerging market exchange operators and stakeholders. We would urge markets wishing to attract international investors to focus on our recommendations, and incorporate them where possible into their market development initiatives.”

Source: WFE